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200. Zone Moment System of Airplane Loading - Theory and Method of Zone Moment System McCarty, J R In: 17th Annual Conference, Belmont Plaza Hotel, New York, New York, May 19-22, pp. 15, Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc., New York, New York, 1958. Abstract | Buy/Download | BibTeX | Tags: 05. Inertia Calculations 148. The Calculation of the Mass Moments of Inertia of Aircraft Haggard, C In: 16th National Conference, Broadview Hotel, Wichita, Kansas, April 29 - May 2, pp. 16, Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc., Wichita, Kansas, 1957. Abstract | Buy/Download | BibTeX | Tags: 05. Inertia Calculations 112. Inertial Principal Axes as an Eigenvalue Problem Carpenter, J E In: 14th National Conference, Hilton Hotel, Fort Worth, Texas, May 2-5, pp. 21, Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas, 1955. Abstract | Buy/Download | BibTeX | Tags: 05. Inertia Calculations 93. The Effect of Input Details Upon the Accuracy of Weight and Inertia Calculations Meyer, F J In: 13th National Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, May 10-13, pp. 8, Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1954. Abstract | Buy/Download | BibTeX | Tags: 05. Inertia Calculations 78. Empirical Formulae for Radii of Gyration of Aircraft Chawla, J P In: 11th National Conference, Buffalo, New York, May 5-8, pp. 20, Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc., Buffalo, New York, 1952. Abstract | Buy/Download | BibTeX | Tags: 05. Inertia Calculations 60. Application of the Trefftz Circle of Inertia to the Analysis of Aircraft Weights Data Grumman, H R In: 10th National Conference, St. Louis, Missouri, May 21-24, pp. 38, Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri, 1951. Abstract | Buy/Download | BibTeX | Tags: 05. Inertia Calculations1958
@inproceedings{0200,
title = {200. Zone Moment System of Airplane Loading - Theory and Method of Zone Moment System},
author = {J R McCarty},
url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-0200},
year = {1958},
date = {1958-05-01},
booktitle = {17th Annual Conference, Belmont Plaza Hotel, New York, New York, May 19-22},
pages = {15},
publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},
address = {New York, New York},
abstract = {This paper was presented at the Airline Session, Seventeenth National Conference of the S.A.W.E. May 19-22, 1958, Belmont Plaza Hotel, New York, New York.
The purpose of this report is to outline and substantiate a method for loading an airplane within its specified canter of gravity limits which shall be know as the Zone Moment, or ZM, method. The Zone Moment method, as defined herein, constitutes a valid and safe system for the development of charts and tables which can easily be understood, followed, and applied by field personnel to assure that the airplane will be dispatched, loaded within its specified center of gravity limits.},
keywords = {05. Inertia Calculations},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The purpose of this report is to outline and substantiate a method for loading an airplane within its specified canter of gravity limits which shall be know as the Zone Moment, or ZM, method. The Zone Moment method, as defined herein, constitutes a valid and safe system for the development of charts and tables which can easily be understood, followed, and applied by field personnel to assure that the airplane will be dispatched, loaded within its specified center of gravity limits.1957
@inproceedings{0148,
title = {148. The Calculation of the Mass Moments of Inertia of Aircraft},
author = {C Haggard},
url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-0148},
year = {1957},
date = {1957-05-01},
booktitle = {16th National Conference, Broadview Hotel, Wichita, Kansas, April 29 - May 2},
pages = {16},
publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},
address = {Wichita, Kansas},
abstract = {The mass moments of inertia of an aircraft are required for use in the accurate evaluation of dynamic, stress, and flutter conditions to which an aircraft may be subjected. Mass moments of inertia are used in the dynamic sense to predict angular accelerations resulting from externally applied torques, and in the determination of stresses produced in the aircraft structure by these accelerations. The distribution of the moment of inertia is used in conjunction with the rigidity of the structure to evaluate potential flutter conditions.
Rotational inertia loads play an important part in the design of certain types of aircraft. Because of the increasing performance demands on these aircraft and the resulting, more refined techniques of dynamic and structural analysis, it is necessary to determine the values of the moments of inertia within a reasonable degree of accuracy. This paper offers information which will be of aid in the computation of the mass moments of inertia of aircraft. It has been written as an aid to the training of weight personnel. Also, it is hoped that paper will cause other groups to become cognizant of the problems encountered in the calculation of the moments of inertia.},
keywords = {05. Inertia Calculations},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Rotational inertia loads play an important part in the design of certain types of aircraft. Because of the increasing performance demands on these aircraft and the resulting, more refined techniques of dynamic and structural analysis, it is necessary to determine the values of the moments of inertia within a reasonable degree of accuracy. This paper offers information which will be of aid in the computation of the mass moments of inertia of aircraft. It has been written as an aid to the training of weight personnel. Also, it is hoped that paper will cause other groups to become cognizant of the problems encountered in the calculation of the moments of inertia.1955
@inproceedings{0112,
title = {112. Inertial Principal Axes as an Eigenvalue Problem},
author = {J E Carpenter},
url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-0112},
year = {1955},
date = {1955-05-01},
booktitle = {14th National Conference, Hilton Hotel, Fort Worth, Texas, May 2-5},
pages = {21},
publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},
address = {Fort Worth, Texas},
abstract = {Inertia calculations in the past have been of a symmetrical nature and hence not really been perplexing to the weight engineer. A simple transformation to move the coordinate axes to the center of gravity of the body (and occasionally a rotation in a single direction) has been the outstanding problem and its solution is found in any engineering handbook. It has meant a direct transformation incorporated in the inertia formulas or the additions of Io term ( or the determination of an angle of rotation.) Recently, however, unsymmetrical conditions have arisen either from externals stores of unequal weight or the location of equipment in and unsymmetrical fashion (which produced rotational angles in two directions, laterally and vertically). The former produces sizable products of inertia and the latter but slight products. We shall see how even slight differences in the inertias can affect the equations of motion especially at high speeds.},
keywords = {05. Inertia Calculations},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
1954
@inproceedings{0093,
title = {93. The Effect of Input Details Upon the Accuracy of Weight and Inertia Calculations},
author = {F J Meyer},
url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-0093},
year = {1954},
date = {1954-05-01},
booktitle = {13th National Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, May 10-13},
pages = {8},
publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},
address = {Baltimore, Maryland},
abstract = {The Northrop Weight Engineering Department, like many other Weight Engineering
Departments, employs the use of International Business Machines in recording weight data. Since the procedures vary among companies, depending upon the type of data desired, a brief explanation of the method used in compiling the data which forms a basis for this discussion, is in order. In general, the system consists of listing the bills of materials of the individual drawings on I.B.M. work cards, accounting for all dash numbers and attaching parts. Opposite each listed item other pertinent data are noted, such as weight, 'x', 'y' and 'z' arms, AN codes, zone codes and where required, the Io's or the moments of inertia of the items about its own center of gravity. The latter two items, the zone code and the Io's are for the purpose of determining weight and moment of inertia distributions of the airplane by prescribed zonal breakdowns of the wing, fuselage and tail surfaces. When a sing item extends beyond one zone, it is broken down and listed according to the zone distribution. For example, a spar weight could be coded to several zones along the span of the wing. The work cards are then key punched and stored by IBM personnel. When a tape run is required these punch cards can be processed in such a manner that the several tapes received by the weight list not only the usual items required for weight and balance control, but also furinish data which allows the computation of weight, center of gravity, and moment of inertia of each separate zone. The records are revised were necessary as the design progresses, thus proving current and accurate information which is used by the Dynamics, Loads and Aerodynamics Department as well as by the Weights Department. The calculated weight data and the moment arms are carried to one decimal place in the records. Io's are listed for items exceeding one pound in weight or whose shape is such as to extend outside a twelve-inch cube
From the above discussion it can be seen that the control records, compiled
under this system of operation, embody are relatively large number of entries. It was believed that this amount of detail was necessary in order to provide the type and amount of data require d by the Dynamics and Loads Department. The question subsequently arose as to whether or not these details are required, an if eliminated what should be the effect on the accuracy of the weight and inertial data. It was with this purpose in mind that a review of completed records was inaugurated.},
keywords = {05. Inertia Calculations},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Departments, employs the use of International Business Machines in recording weight data. Since the procedures vary among companies, depending upon the type of data desired, a brief explanation of the method used in compiling the data which forms a basis for this discussion, is in order. In general, the system consists of listing the bills of materials of the individual drawings on I.B.M. work cards, accounting for all dash numbers and attaching parts. Opposite each listed item other pertinent data are noted, such as weight, 'x', 'y' and 'z' arms, AN codes, zone codes and where required, the Io's or the moments of inertia of the items about its own center of gravity. The latter two items, the zone code and the Io's are for the purpose of determining weight and moment of inertia distributions of the airplane by prescribed zonal breakdowns of the wing, fuselage and tail surfaces. When a sing item extends beyond one zone, it is broken down and listed according to the zone distribution. For example, a spar weight could be coded to several zones along the span of the wing. The work cards are then key punched and stored by IBM personnel. When a tape run is required these punch cards can be processed in such a manner that the several tapes received by the weight list not only the usual items required for weight and balance control, but also furinish data which allows the computation of weight, center of gravity, and moment of inertia of each separate zone. The records are revised were necessary as the design progresses, thus proving current and accurate information which is used by the Dynamics, Loads and Aerodynamics Department as well as by the Weights Department. The calculated weight data and the moment arms are carried to one decimal place in the records. Io's are listed for items exceeding one pound in weight or whose shape is such as to extend outside a twelve-inch cube
From the above discussion it can be seen that the control records, compiled
under this system of operation, embody are relatively large number of entries. It was believed that this amount of detail was necessary in order to provide the type and amount of data require d by the Dynamics and Loads Department. The question subsequently arose as to whether or not these details are required, an if eliminated what should be the effect on the accuracy of the weight and inertial data. It was with this purpose in mind that a review of completed records was inaugurated.1952
@inproceedings{0078,
title = {78. Empirical Formulae for Radii of Gyration of Aircraft},
author = {J P Chawla},
url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-0078},
year = {1952},
date = {1952-05-01},
booktitle = {11th National Conference, Buffalo, New York, May 5-8},
pages = {20},
publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},
address = {Buffalo, New York},
abstract = {An analysis has been made of the radii of gyration about the principal axes through the center of gravity of one hundred and one airplanes of American and British design. The airplanes are divided into four main functional categories, namely, (i) Fighter, (2) Bomber, (3) Cargo and Transport, and (4) Flying Boat. The radii of gyration are divided by some characteristic length of the aircraft and these non-dimensional ratios are found to be fairly constant for rotation in pitch and yaw, but, in roll, the values extend over a wide range. Recommended mean values are given for each class of aircraft.},
keywords = {05. Inertia Calculations},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
1951
@inproceedings{0060,
title = {60. Application of the Trefftz Circle of Inertia to the Analysis of Aircraft Weights Data},
author = {H R Grumman},
url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-0060},
year = {1951},
date = {1951-05-01},
booktitle = {10th National Conference, St. Louis, Missouri, May 21-24},
pages = {38},
publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},
address = {St. Louis, Missouri},
abstract = {It is shown in any elementary analytical geometry book that the cross-product term may be removed from any 2nd degree equation in two variables (equation of a conic section) by a suitable rotation of the axes. The same mathematics is used to find, the (mutually perpendicular) planes of zero shear in a two-dimensional stress distribution and, with engineers, the Mohr Circle of stress commonly takes the place of the mathematics in this application. Also the same mathematics is used to find thy principal axes of a plane area as in the analysis of the 'unsymmetrical bending' of a beam. For this application, Trefftz invented a graphical construction which I think should be ca1led the Trefftz inertia circle.},
keywords = {05. Inertia Calculations},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}