SAWE Technical Papers

@inproceedings{3745,

title = {3745. Weight Management for Onshore Modular Construction},

author = {Robert J Hundl},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3745},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-21},

urldate = {2022-05-21},

booktitle = {81st Annual Conference, Savannah, Georgia},

pages = {38},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Savannah, Georgia},

abstract = {This weight management paper will become a chapter in a larger document on Onshore modular construction that is being put together by the Process Industries Practices (PIP) Civil, Structures, and Architectural (CSA) Task Team #3 committee. This committee is composed of various engineering construction companies, logistics companies, and owner operator companies. This weight management chapter has been largely authored by myself with inputs and discussions with various PIP committee members and Fluor colleagues. (see the Acknowledgement section at the end of the paper for a full listing of the committee membership and Fluor colleagues) 

Weight Management is a critical aspect of On-Shore Modular Construction. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on weight management activities as related to various types of on- shore modular projects. This type of construction requires that the modules be transported from the fabrication yard to the project site. The fabrication yard may be located relatively close to the project site requiring only land transportation or it may be located very distant requiring land and ocean transportation.},

keywords = {35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3774,

title = {3774. Weight Control For Floating Wind Installation},

author = {A. P. Crowle and P. R. Thies},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3774},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-01},

urldate = {2021-11-01},

booktitle = {2021 SAWE Tech Fair},

pages = {10},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Virtual Conference},

abstract = {Floating offshore wind is a growing market within the renewable energy sector. The floating offshore wind turbines give access to deeper water sites, with minimal visual impact from land. The paper includes the weight control requirements for Spars, barges, semi submersibles and Tension Leg Platforms (TLPs) as floating wind platforms. 

There are weight control challenges for the various substructure types during the temporary phases of construction and offshore installation. An accurate assessment of the buoyancy of the floating wind turbine for different drafts and trims is required. Allowances need to be included in the weight calculation for temporary buoyancy, sea-fastenings and grillage. 

Weight control for installation has an influence on the weather window for the floating substructures during transportation to the offshore site and mooring and electrical connection. The paper will cover weight calculation methods during early design, detailed design, construction, installation, operation and demolition. 

The installation process for a floating wind turbine varies with substructure type and this paper will give an overview of the weight control requirements for loadout, ocean transport and mooring connection. The floating offshore wind turbine weight and centre of gravity has a direct bearing on draft, intact stability and motions. As part of the weight control process the centre of gravity and radii of gyration need to be accurately determined for each stage of the installation.},

keywords = {13. Weight Engineering - Marine, 24. Weight Engineering - System Design, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore, Student Papers},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3741,

title = {3741. Finding the Balance Between Accuracy and Practicality in Deadweight Survey},

author = {Colin MacFarlane and Manuela Bucci},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3741},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

booktitle = {2020 SAWE Tech Fair},

pages = {24},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Virtual Conference},

abstract = {Deadweight audits are exercises required to calculate the vessel lightweight by deduction from the actual ship weight. Depending on the size of the vessel, they can take a few hours to several days. Minimising the duration of the exercise should be prioritised since accuracy of the result is connected to avoidance of changes in the recorded vessel's configuration during the audit. This leads to a compromise between precision and the accuracy that can be achieved: estimating the weight of the deadweight based on experience is the quickest method, weighing everything with calibrated scales is the most precise. An intermediate solution is to find the deadweight partly with estimates, partly with weighing.Experience with all three of these methods showed that accuracy can be achieved even if relatively poor resolution is accepted, if some precautions are taken when recording the weights.This paper presents three study cases and the calculation of uncertainty in the deadweight that derived from the different approaches. The uncertainty and the time spent to complete the audit are used to define an efficiency estimator to rate the deadweight audit.The conclusion is a method to upgrade data recording that allows production of a more meaningful result.},

keywords = {08. Weighing, 13. Weight Engineering - Marine, 21. Weight Engineering - Statistical Studies, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3717,

title = {3717. Evaluating a CoG Envelope Using a Probabilistic Approach},

author = {Robert J. Hundl},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3717},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-01},

booktitle = {78th Annual Conference, Norfolk, VA},

pages = {15},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Norfolk, Virginia},

abstract = {In the Energy and Chemicals Construction Industry, many onshore projects are using modular construction. This type of construction requires that the modules be transported from the fabrication yard to the project site. The fabrication yard may be distant from the project site, thus requiring a combination of ocean transportation and land transportation. To verify the design, the structural analysis uses a given design weight limit and center of gravity (CoG) envelope for the various modes of transportation. The size of the CoG envelope can influence the strengthening requirements for the structure during the transportation phases. CoG envelopes are typically set as a percentage of the module length and width. In special cases, a probabilistic approach could be used to reduce the typical CoG envelope size for reducing the amount of strengthening requirements while also quantifying the risk to the project for reducing the size of the CoG envelope.},

keywords = {13. Weight Engineering - Marine, 21. Weight Engineering - Statistical Studies, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3693,

title = {3693. A Random Method for Picking Module Stowage Solutions for Barges},

author = {Robert Hundl},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3693},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-05-01},

booktitle = {76th Annual Conference, Montreal, Canada},

pages = {15},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Montreal, Canada},

abstract = {In the Oil & Gas Construction Industry, many onshore projects are using modular construction. This type of construction requires that the modules be transported from the fabrication yard to the project site. The fabrication yard may be distant from the project site, thus requiring ocean transportation. Modules can come in many different sizes, shapes, and weights. Some very large modules require a dedicated barge. However, frequently multiple modules can be placed upon a single barge. Determining module groups for barges can be difficult and time consuming. Figure 1 shows several different types of modules on barges.Determining the type of barge to use, the number needed, and the length of service time can be a daunting logistical task. Costs involved with securing barges and engineering services from barge companies are in the millions of dollars. To complicate matters, barges typically require long lead times. Determining what type of barge or the appropriate 'mix' of barges to use can help reduce the cost of the project.This paper will demonstrate a method to easily solve for a group solution through the use of a random number generator and grading the resultant solutions. This method can easily be applied to other types of problems and industries when it is necessary to pick groups to solve the problem.},

keywords = {13. Weight Engineering - Marine, 21. Weight Engineering - Statistical Studies, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3666,

title = {3666. Weight Distribution for On-Shore Modules},

author = {Robert Hundl},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3666},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-05-01},

booktitle = {75th Annual Conference, Denver, Colorado},

pages = {12},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Denver, Colorado},

abstract = {Weight Distribution analysis has not been a common practice in the On-Shore Modular Engineering and Construction industry. In the past, most on-shore projects have used 'stick built' (built on-site) construction methods. Today, however, many on-shore project facilities are being built off-site using modular construction methods and are then transported to the project site. 

The on-shore modular transportation phases may include: Loadout (loading the module on a barge from the fabricator's yard), On-barge (transporting module from one location to another via the barge), Offload (offloading the module from the barge to a pier and/or staging area), Stacking (combining multiple modules, lifting and stacking), Land Transport (transport from pier, staging area, or barge to final setting location - may be many kilometers, see Figure 1), and Setting (final setting in place and/or lifting into place). Analysis is required by the barge contractor and SPMT contractor to verify the stability of the load while in their custody. The company provides the contractors with the weights and center of gravities (CoG's) of the module for each phase. Offshore projects have used modular construction for many years, but the modules do not have a large land transportation phase (typically Loadout, Offloading, and/or Stacking). 

I asked our Self Propelled Modular Transporter (SPMT) contractor if they would like me to produce a plot of how the weight is distributed along the major axis (lengthwise) of the module. They had not seen this done before and were interested. This demonstration forms the basis of this paper. The software code that was developed for this analysis used Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) within Microsoft Excel. A simplified approach was made using lower level summary data such as available in the weight report, not the lowest level detail from the CAD model (PDMS). This data includes the weight and CoG's of each item in the weights database.},

keywords = {35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3610,

title = {3610. Inertia Uncertainity of a Moored FPSO},

author = {Santhosh Kumar Chandrasekaran and Andreas Schuster},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3610},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-05-01},

booktitle = {73rd Annual Conference, Long Beach, California},

pages = {13},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Long Beach, California},

abstract = {This paper will address weight requirements t o ensure the delivered mass inertia properties match the initial estimates used for model testing and hydrodynamic performance assessment. It has been assumed that the large dead weight of an FPSO makes the design insensitive to variances in mass inertia over the design cycle. As hydrodynamic engineers improve their mooring design performance and reduce margins, minor changes in mass inertia can have dramatic impact on system response. This paper will compare the mass inertia estimating, uncertainty and detailed calculation with mooring performance to determine optimum thresholds for weight control to mitigate the risk of changes in inertia.},

keywords = {06. Inertia Measurements, 13. Weight Engineering - Marine, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3611,

title = {3611. Differences between Marine and Offshore Weight Control},

author = {Andreas Schuster},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3611},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-05-01},

booktitle = {73rd Annual Conference, Long Beach, California},

pages = {8},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Long Beach, California},

abstract = {The Marine and Offshore industries are closely related because both systems must with stand ocean forces to continue to operate. Weight Control for both systems is similar, but then again different. This paper will outline some of the differences in perspective, business models, technical issues and processes. The paper is intended to compliment the 'Principals of Weight Management and Weight Estimating for the Offshore Oil Industry' SAWE training class and to make the Marine community within SAWE aware of the Offshore issues, so two communities can share standards.},

keywords = {13. Weight Engineering - Marine, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3604,

title = {3604. Offshore Wind Turbine Design and the Importance Of Weight Management in Guiding Design},

author = {John R. Capin},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3604},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-05-01},

booktitle = {72nd Annual Conference, St. Louis, Missouri},

pages = {16},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Saint Louis, Missouri},

abstract = {The offshore wind turbine industry has been moving at a very high pace towards ever deeper waters and larger generators. Foundation and installation costs are a significant portion of total costs. Installation vessel designs have struggled to keep pace with the advance of turbine designs, increasing water depth, and innovative installation concepts. The increasing turbine size and water depth is driving the cost of these vessels ever higher. This is driving wind farm project costs beyond economic viability. Examining the effect of transportation and installation methods, this paper identifies the value in a strong integration between turbine design and installation methods for optimum economic viability.},

keywords = {13. Weight Engineering - Marine, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3562,

title = {3562. Parametric Estimation Of Anchor Handling / Towing Winches},

author = {Stein Bjòrhovde and Runar Aasen},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3562},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-05-01},

booktitle = {71st Annual Conference, Bad Gögging, Germany},

pages = {13},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Bad Gögging, Germany},

abstract = {Anchor Handling Tug vessels (AHT) are ships built to handle anchors for oil rigs, in addition to towing the platforms into position and in some cases operate as Emergency Rescue and Recovery Vessel (ERRV). Compared to ordinary offshore supply vessels, AHTs are characterized by large winches for towing and anchor handling, open stern for landing of anchors and a large bollard pull. 

The winch packages for anchor handling tug vessels are large and heavy constructions with weight that varies from 150 to 900 tonnes and may represent as much as 15% of the lightship weight for the vessel. In addition to significant weight, it also influences a lot on the vertical center of gravity (VCG) og thereby the stability of the ship. Also the longitudinal center of gravity (LCG) is significantly influenced by the layout and positioning of this equipment. 

Experience shows that it might be difficult to identify reliable weight and center of gravity (CoG) for this special made equipment from fabricators and suppliers in an early design phase. Based on this we want to study which parameters are relevant for estimating weight and CoG for anchor handling / towing winches, and how these parameters can be combined in mathematical formulas that can be used in regression based estimation. 

The advantage of using regression is among others the quantification of uncertainty (standard deviation) related to each specific estimation method and thereby the possibility to decide which methods that are the most precise, and to evaluate whether parametric estimation can be used at all. An evaluation of the uncertainty requirements will be performed as well. 

Stein Bjòrhovde is one of the founders and head of development of BAS Engineering. Mr. Bjòrhovde has a Master of Science Degree in Ship Design, and has been developing the weight engineering software ShipWeight since 1993. He has also been involved in development of other weight control software, in addition to being a consultant doing weight estimation and monitoring in the offshore industry. He has more than 15 years experience in weight estimation of new ship designs for several Norwegian and international ship designers and yards. 

Runar Aasen is one of the founders and technical sales manager of BAS Engineering, a SAWE corporate member. Mr. Aasen has a Master of Science Degree in Ship Design, has been extensively involved in the development of weight engineering software and user support for the last fourteen years, and became a SAWE Fellow Member in 2006. Since 1996, BAS Engineering has provided ship designers and builders around the world with naval architecture and mass properties support. BAS Engineering's ShipWeight software entered the US market for the first time in 1998 and has since been adapted by major US shipyards and designers.},

keywords = {25. Weight Engineering - System Estimation, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3583,

title = {3583. Report Format For Weight Control Of Offshore Structures},

author = {Stein Bjòrhovde},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3583},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-05-01},

booktitle = {71st Annual Conference, Bad Gögging, Germany},

pages = {35},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Bad Gögging, Germany},

abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to suggest standard layouts for printouts to be included in the weight report for engineering and construction of offshore structures. The proposals are based on a systematic review of weight reports for existing oil platforms built for the North Sea and Gulf of Mexico during the last 10 year. The content of these weight reports are systemized according to the ISO standard for weight control, as well as the Statoil requirement for weight control. 

Requirements for weight control of offshore structures are described in the ISO standard 19901-5 'Petroleum and natural gas industries - Specific requirements for offshore structures - Part 5: Weight control during engineering and construction'. This document includes definitions, weight control classes, weight- and load budgets, weight reporting, requirements for suppliers, requirements for weighing in addition to various appendixes. In this paper we will focus on chapter 6.3 'Requirements to the weight report'. The content of existing weight reports are systemized and mapped to the defined chapters (printouts/tables) that are required according to the ISO standard. 

The Norwegian energy company Statoil has a technical requirement for weight control titled 'TR2352 Weight control requirements for topside and substructures'. This document specifies among others which data fields the weight database should include as a minimum. One of the results of this paper is an overview of which data fields are included in the various weight report chapters required by the ISO standard. 

This paper can serve as a specification of the data fields and printouts that should be included in a weight control system for offshore structures to fulfill the requirements of the ISO-19901-5. The layouts of the printouts are in focus. In this paper it is also discussed whether it's realistic to design a weight control system that automatically or semi-automatically produces the weight reports. 

Stein Bjòrhovde is one of the founders and head of development of BAS Engineering. Mr. Bjòrhovde has a Master of Science Degree in Ship Design, and has been developing the weight engineering software ShipWeight since 1993. He has also been involved in development of other weight control software, in addition to being a consultant doing weight estimation and monitoring in the offshore industry. He has more than 15 years' experience in weight estimation of new ship designs for several Norwegian and international ship designers and yards.},

keywords = {17. Weight Engineering - Procedures, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3592,

title = {3592. A Background in Offshore Floating Production Unit Weight Control Nomenclature and a Proposal for Future Development},

author = {Radoslaw Zawadzki},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3592},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-05-01},

booktitle = {71st Annual Conference, Bad Gögging, Germany},

pages = {9},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Bad Gögging, Germany},

abstract = {In estimating and managing weight growth during concept, design and fabrication phases for offshore energy floating production platforms and vessels, two similar but different methodologies for representing weight nomenclature have arisen thus leading to confusion and turmoil within the weight control discipline. This paper delves into the background and origins of these weight control methodologies and seeks to open the discussion on the differing nomenclatures found within the weight control function. This will be done by giving some examples of weight control terminology with multiple definitions and proposing a new concept of weight nomenclature based on the stages and states of weight development.},

keywords = {13. Weight Engineering - Marine, 17. Weight Engineering - Procedures, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3522,

title = {3522. International Weight Control Standard for the Offshore Oil & Gas Industry},

author = {I. D. Bennett},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3522},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-05-01},

booktitle = {70th Annual Conference, Houstion, Texas},

pages = {22},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Houston, Texas},

abstract = {Based on the author's experience, many engineers and managers in the North American offshore oil and gas industry consider International Standards Organisation (ISO) documents to be incomplete, complicated or foreign. 

However, after some understanding behind their purpose and the process of their creation, ISO documents are informative, well written and very useful when tackling complicated technical issues. 

With members from 163 countries, ISO is the world's largest developer and publisher of international standards; encompassing many topics related to the design and manufacturing of goods and facilities in all forms of industry. With the aim of representing interested government and industry bodies with common goals, the countries place volunteer members on specific ISO technical committees. Through consultation, the committee members reach a consensus on how the standards are to be worded and presented for use. Modifications are then presented to the member countries for further peer review. Final changes are voted into acceptance or rejection. 

ISO Technical Committee (TC) 67, sub-committee (SC) 7 is responsible for the ISO 19901 suite of documents - entitled Petroleum and natural gas industries - Specific requirements for offshore structures - focusing on the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries. The complete suite of documents is 

composed of: 

Part 1: Metocean Design and Operating Considerations; 

Part 2: Seismic Design Procedures and Criteria; 

Part 3: Topsides Structure; 

Part 4: Geotechnical and Foundation Design Considerations; 

Part 5: Weight Control During Engineering and Construction; 

Part 6: Marine Operations; 

Part 7: Station-keeping Systems for Floating Offshore Structures and Mobile Offshore Units; 

Working Group 6 (WG6) is responsible for Part 5. 

Members of committee TC67/SC7/WG6 include representatives of national standard organizations (governmental and private) from nineteen countries. For North America, the representatives are Mr. A. Schuster representing the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and the author representing the Standard Council of Canada (SCC). SAWE is in the unique position of having both North American representatives as members of its Houston chapter, with both actively employed as weight managers in the offshore oil and gas industry. 

This paper is presented to give a better understanding and appreciation of the information found in ISO 19901-5; in order that it receives a more uniform acceptance in the North American oil and gas industry.},

keywords = {17. Weight Engineering - Procedures, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3401,

title = {3401. A Method to Develop a Margin Plan},

author = {Andreas Schuster},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3401},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-05-01},

booktitle = {66th Annual Conference, Madrid, Spain},

pages = {8},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers},

address = {Madrid, Spain},

organization = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers},

abstract = {There are only four ways to reduce the weight of a system during the design/build cycle. The traditional methods address deleting things that are not required, substituting new materials to meet the requirements, and reconfiguring the system to be more effective in meeting the requirements. A fourth method is to reduce the uncertainty of the weight estimate by understanding how well the allocated solution meets the requirements. The definition of this uncertainty takes time and cannot be done all at once. So a plan is needed to assure that the uncertainty is addressed in a timely manner. This paper will address how to develop such a plan and how to integrate the plan with weight control plan and risk management plan of the project.},

keywords = {28. Weight Reduction - Processes, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3402,

title = {3402. Ship Inclining Experiment Accessory Kit},

author = {Andreas Schuster and Thomas Oole and William Fox},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3402},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-05-01},

booktitle = {66th Annual Conference, Madrid, Spain},

pages = {15},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers},

address = {Madrid, Spain},

organization = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers},

abstract = {US Military aircraft weighing standards specify the use of an accessory kit that includes tools similar to those used by weight engineers and naval architects for ship inclining experiments. The procurement of ship inclining experiment tools and accessories is currently a rather tedious, word of mouth process. This paper describes the typical contents of an aircraft weighing accessory kit. It then describes the ship inclining experiment and lists the tools used during the inclining process. From this, a specification and list for a ship inclining accessory kit is proposed. Hopefully, this paper will provide insight to equipment suppliers to enable them to create a Ship Inclining Experiment Accessory Kit for the marine industry.},

keywords = {09. Weighing Equipment, 13. Weight Engineering - Marine, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3352,

title = {3352. Weight Risk Using Monte Carlo Analysis For A Marine System},

author = {Andreas Schuster},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3352},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-05-01},

booktitle = {64th Annual Conference, Annapolis, Maryland},

pages = {18},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Annapolis, Maryland},

abstract = {This paper presents a risk assessment method that can be used to validate margin estimates. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine the likelihood that a mass property limit is not exceeded during the design. This method is handy for use on complex projects was the design process uncertainty is too complex to describe with a standard normal probability distribution. The paper presents a description of risk, a method that supports Monte Carlo simulation, two examples on a ship level, and how to interpret the results.},

keywords = {13. Weight Engineering - Marine, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3311,

title = {3311. Weight Risk Using Uncertainty Analysis for a Marine System},

author = {Andreas Schuster},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3311},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-05-01},

booktitle = {62nd Annual Conference, New Haven, Connecticut},

pages = {15},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {New Haven, Connecticut},

abstract = {This paper presents a risk assessment method that can be used to validate margin estimates. An uncertainty methodology is used to determine the probability of the final weight based on the current weight estimate. This method has been used in the aerospace industry but not extensively in the marine industry. The paper presents a description of risk, the method, two examples on the system and ship level, as well as how to interpret the results.},

keywords = {13. Weight Engineering - Marine, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3244,

title = {3244. Weight control at Ulstein Shipyard},

author = {Runar Aasen},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3244},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-05-01},

booktitle = {61st Annual Conference, Virginia Beach, Virginia, May 18-22},

pages = {18},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Virginia Beach, Virginia},

abstract = {The paper describes the results from a project on weight reporting that was launched by Ulstein Shipyard and BAS engineering and funded by the Norwegian Research Council in 1999 - 2001: To improve the efficiency and value of weight reporting in a shipyard, a survey of all weight relevant information sources on the yard should be worked out. For each information source one should clarify what information is available, when the information is available and how reliable the information is. Information sources can be various 3D tools, key persons in the constructing organization and weight information from external sources, etc. Furthermore one should specify method, format and intervals of transaction of the information from all the sources to on single weight system (Ship Weight), which will execute the total weight control and produce the weight reports (example of a weight report will be supplied). In addition to the technical procedures that were established, some reporting principles were made. The principles were implemented to all involved in the weight reporting. Some examples of the most important would be; how margins should be treated, how to treat wet/dry weights, establishing weight budgets and the principle of 100% weight reporting. Experience from the shipyard after implementing the weight reporting routines will be discussed.},

keywords = {13. Weight Engineering - Marine, 35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{1363,

title = {1363. Weight Control Offshore - A General Description},

author = {F G Elleston},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-1363},

year  = {1980},

date = {1980-05-01},

booktitle = {39th Annual Conference, St. Louis, Missouri, May 12-14},

pages = {11},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {St. Louis, Missouri},

abstract = {After some years of experience in building production platforms in the sea, it has become apparent to the Offshore Industry that lack of knowledge concerning the weight and centre of gravity of the topside facility has brought very costly problems. 

With the pressing need to obviate these problems, a new concept in technology has emerged called Weight Control for Offshore Platforms.},

keywords = {35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{1364,

title = {1364. Cost Aspects of Weight Control},

author = {W P Stewart and D G Oldfield},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-1364},

year  = {1980},

date = {1980-05-01},

booktitle = {39th Annual Conference, St. Louis, Missouri, May 12-14},

pages = {12},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {St. Louis, Missouri},

abstract = {The effects of a weak attitude to weight control at the design and fabrication stages will be seen from the drawing board through the majority of the life of an offshore installation. Other speakers at this symposium will describe the various approaches that are at present being made to the problem of weight control and its implementation. Nevertheless, all evidence leads one to consider that the practice of weight control as a rigorously imposed discipline is still in its infancy in the offshore industry. Mistakes still happen and they cost time and money on practically every offshore project. 

 The purpose of this short paper is to try to summarise the principal cost penalties arising from lack of due regard to weight control from the time of engineering scheming of an installation through the life of a project. The paper of course can only be indicative as in practice, projects vary widely in their circumstances, facilities and engineering content.},

keywords = {35. Weight Engineering - Offshore},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}