SAWE Technical Papers

@inproceedings{3695,

title = {3695. Mass Properties Considerations on the Appalachian Trail},

author = {Nicholas Marickovich},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3695},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-01},

booktitle = {78th Annual Conference, Norfolk, VA},

pages = {26},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Norfolk, Virginia},

abstract = {This paper aims to apply some engineering rigor to the questions surrounding pack weight, particularly when thru-hiking the Appalachian Trail, which I did in 2005 after graduating college. The paper will first describe, briefly, my own thru-hike which will set the stage for a discussion of pack weight, why it matters, and the trade-offs inherent in considering what to take along for the journey. The Marickovich Caloric Power Index (MCPI) will also be introduced, which attempts to optimize food choices based on weight, cost, and calories.},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3713,

title = {3713. Inspiring Future Mass Properties Engineers: NASA's Orion Ascent Abort-2 Flight Test and the Office of Stem Engagement},

author = {Anne Weiss and Rosemary L. Smith},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3713},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-01},

booktitle = {78th Annual Conference, Norfolk, VA},

pages = {32},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Norfolk, Virginia},

abstract = {In response to the National Academy of Engineering's 2004 report, Educating the Engineer of 2020, and two subsequent National Science Foundation research studies examining effective strategies for educating the next generation of engineers, U.S. K-12 general education and undergraduate engineering programs have undergone numerous reforms. Instead of concentrating solely on technical knowledge (e.g., statics, mechanics, fluid dynamics, etc.), formal and informal teachers should now also enhance their instructional practices through interdisciplinary, interactive and immersive experiences that meet students where they are and equip them with 21st-century workforce skills such as collaboration, ability to consider societal and global contexts, and technical writing and public speaking. To support educators' efforts and NASA's Orion Ascent Abort-2 flight test, education specialists in the Langley Research Center's Office of STEM Engagement partnered with the Flight Test Management and Public Affairs Offices to create a line of instructional products that help teachers and students to make connections between NASA-unique assets, STEM content, and careers in mass properties engineering. Using a mixed-methods research design, this paper documents initial results of that unique, highly collaborative interdisciplinary process: an educator professional development digital badge and a flipped classroom unit with standalone video interview. Although full-scale assessment has yet to occur, preliminary data indicates that responses from students, educators and the public to these resources have been overwhelmingly positive. Future ideas include webinars targeting K-12 teachers as well as virtual-reality technology 'field trips' for students - additional tools for achieving the goal of inspiring tomorrow's mass properties engineers.},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3714,

title = {3714. Weight and Design Data for World War II - Era United States Military Aircraft},

author = {Dudley M Cate},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3714},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-01},

booktitle = {78th Annual Conference, Norfolk, VA},

pages = {39},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Norfolk, Virginia},

abstract = {Sources of weight data for World War II-era U.S. military aircraft recently were located in the U.S. Federal Archives. The data is to the level of detail found in a short group weight statement. To the author's knowledge, the weight data has not heretofore been publicly available. It was felt to be worthwhile to electronically tabulate the data and then make it available via the SAWE.The paper begins with an introduction that identifies the groundrules and constraints associated with the material in the paper. The rest of the paper presents both weights and weight fractions for the weight empty groups and the useful load items for a wide range of aircraft. The aircraft are arranged by type (fighter, bomber, etc.), military service (Army or Navy), and, in general, chronologically by model (P-40, P-39, P-47, etc.). Also included for each aircraft are the weights of alternate fuel and payload items. For most of the aircraft, the weight empty and gross weight obtained from the archived data are validated by comparing them with weights found in open sources. Values for some of the weight-related design attributes for each aircraft are provided. Accompanying this data is a brief discussion of weight-related considerations for each aircraft.The large number of aircraft for which data are included presents a clear picture of how group and total weights and weight fractions changed with time (e.g., from the pre-war Boeing P-26 to the post-war Lockheed P-80). The data also permit comparison of the differences between, for example, radial-engined and in-line-engined fighters, between Army and Navy fighters, between Navy dive bombers and torpedo bombers, and between biplane and monoplane trainers, to mention just a few of the possibilities.},

keywords = {10. Weight Engineering - Aircraft Design, 30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3707,

title = {3707. Functional Requirements for Cross Industry Recommendation Practices},

author = {Andreas Schuster},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3707},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-05-01},

booktitle = {77th Annual Conference, Irving, Texas},

pages = {11},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Irving, Texas},

abstract = {This paper describes the results of three discussion of functional requirements for cross industry and industry specific SAWE Recommended Practices (RP). This effort provides information for a new overview RP that defines what should be included in each industry's document. It also demonstrates how panel discussions focused on Standard and Practice topic can be used at a regional conference and then complied into a SAWE technical paper. The topics covered include Center of Gravity reference systems, Occupant Weights, and Weight Breakdown System.},

keywords = {17. Weight Engineering - Procedures, 30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3554,

title = {3554. Mass Analysis - An Important Discipline of the 'Luftfahrttechnisches Handbuch' (Aeronautical Engineering Handbook)},

author = {Stephan G. Scheidler},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3554},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-05-01},

booktitle = {71st Annual Conference, Bad Gögging, Germany},

pages = {15},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Bad Gögging, Germany},

abstract = {The 'Luftfahrttechnisches Handbuch' (LTH) is an Aeronautical Engineering Handbook, which contains a number of disciplines such as Aerodynamics (AD), Propulsion Technology (AT), Loads (BM), Composite Design Criteria (FL), Flight Test Engineering (FV), Structural Analysis (HSB), Mass Analysis (MA), and Systems Engineering (SE) - please note that the abbreviation characters are according to the German titles. The discipline Mass Analysis covers various chapters such as General Basics, Methodologies, Mass Control, and Total Mass under Varying Load Conditions, Mass of Structures, Mass of Propulsion Systems, Mass of Equipment, and Payload etc. 

The LTH handbook as presented here is a tool for engineers, students, and other interested experts in industry, institutions, universities and authorities to specify, design, develop, verify, qualify, certify and analyse entire aeronautical vehicles, and their systems, engines and equipment. The LTH is aimed at standardising certain procedures and methods, and collects the knowledge of its members centrally. A search function is available for data retrieval. Rationalisation is provided via the generic acceptance of many of the shown verification processes by various civil and military authorities. This allows for optimised and accelerated development of aeronautical systems and provides authorities, OEM's and suppliers with a standardised basis for development and certification. 

In addition, the LTH is not only a compendium - it is also a community of the respective system specialists or, in other words, a network between its members and partners. All papers contained in the LTH have been reviewed and approved by the respective discipline's specialists committee, which consists of members from industry, institutions, universities and authorities. All specialists committees allow also other interested national or international parties to attend meetings in a guest status, or to join the committee as a regular member, if jointly accepted by the committee. This allows for a continuous process of improving existing and collecting new knowledge to optimise the LTH. Whilst the LTH originally started off in German language only, an approach has now been launched to internationalise the LTH by conversion into the English language, which has already partially been accomplished with a focus on data and software for actual technical problems and questions in aeronautical engineering. Further details of the LTH are provided on the public section of the website: www.lth-online.de.},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3560,

title = {3560. Dummy Optimization Regarding Mass Properties for Shaker Test and Flight Test},

author = {Jürgen Clermont},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3560},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-05-01},

booktitle = {71st Annual Conference, Bad Gögging, Germany},

pages = {45},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Bad Gögging, Germany},

abstract = {For shaker- and flight test in aircraft development, replacement bodies with similar physical properties as the real body (like a black box) have to be created. 

A body like this is called DUMMY and the meant properties are mass, center of gravity in x-, y- and z-direction, as well as inertias (in total 10 components). 

These dynamic tests are essential to generate adequate mountings/bearings or to reproduce the real behaviour of an airplane or a subsystem in flight. 

Dummies are used when the exact part is not (yet) available or the part is too expensive to destroy it by testing. 

To produce dummies, results within 10% deviation (per component) are necessary for dynamic similarity. By trial and error it is possible to create such a body, but it is either time intensive or the precision is not very high. The higher the accuracy of all 10 components of mass properties, the better is the similarity and the better will be the results for mountings and bearings. 

Based on an inertia program with shape code calculation capability, an iterative process to create a dummy was developed. By variation of at least 4 bodies it is possible to get first results in all components. Up to a variation of 8 bodies and more is possible. To get good results in acceptable time and effort, a well-thought-out code is essential. 

This iteration process produces a lot of data, but with effective code and modern computing hardware it is possible to create more than 100.000 iterations per hour, where one of it is a best fit within 5% deviation or better.},

keywords = {12. Weight Engineering - Computer Applications, 30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3533,

title = {3532. Proffessional Development Education Requirements and Their Role in the SAWE},

author = {P. E. Anthony Primozich},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-05-01},

booktitle = {70th Annual Conference, Houstion, Texas},

pages = {-1},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Houston, Texas},

abstract = {In the last several years, many state boards have been requiring registered Professional Engineers and Professional Surveyors (PE/PS) to annually complete Professional Development Education (PDE) to be eligible for renewal of their registration. This paper discusses the qualifying and non-qualifying PDE activities in varying professional engineering and professional surveying jurisdictions. As well as, the manner in which credit is claimed for these PDE activities and guidance regarding which documentation is acceptable or non-acceptable. This information is intended to assist a registered PE/PS to properly evaluate compliance. Finally, these topics all come together to show that the SAWE is very active and well positioned in assisting the membership to comply with the Professional Development Education requirements.},

note = {Paper Missing},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3471,

title = {3471. Principles of Aircraft Flotation Analysis},

author = {Dr. Paul Sinclair},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3471},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-05-01},

booktitle = {68th Annual Conference, Wichita, Kansas},

pages = {16},

address = {Wichita, Kansas},

abstract = {In order to certify aircraft, it must be shown that during a ditching, passengers will have sufficient time to exit the aircraft before it sinks. The most cost-effective means of providing this demonstration is by computer analysis. This paper discusses the physical principles on which this analysis is based, and some techniques used to perform it.},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3477,

title = {3477. The Health of Mass Properties Engineering in the Marine Industries},

author = {David Tellet},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3477},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-05-01},

booktitle = {68th Annual Conference, Wichita, Kansas},

pages = {58},

address = {Wichita, Kansas},

abstract = {A survey on the health of mass properties engineering in the marine field was conducted using the Internet to gather demographic, job satisfaction, industry health, and SAWE specific data. The survey consisted of 20 multiple choice, ranking, and fill-inquestions. This paper presents the summary of the data received (139 respondents) for each question and examines some correlations between age, employers, expected attrition, and membership in the SAWE. Selected narrative answers are shown in the body of the paper with all text responses included in the Appendix.},

keywords = {13. Weight Engineering - Marine, 21. Weight Engineering - Statistical Studies, 30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3480,

title = {3480. Team Buffalo Works},

author = {Jacob Bingenheimer and Joshua Chippeaux and Joe Heincker and Neal Hockersmith and Wesley Smith},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3480},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-05-01},

booktitle = {68th Annual Conference, Wichita, Kansas},

pages = {33},

address = {Wichita, Kansas},

abstract = {Team Buffalo Works is a multi-disciplinary aerospace vehicle design group created in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering at Wichita State University. The team has chosen as its mission to design and build an aircraft in conformance to the contest requirements of the SAE AeroDesign Contest. The object of this contest is to construct a flight vehicle capable of carrying the largest possible payload through a simple course within geometric, material, and performance constraints. The final configuration consists of a flying wing planform that is predicted to carry 28 lbs of payload. (Wesley Smith)},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3438,

title = {3438. Making the Transition from the Comfort Zone to the Unknown},

author = {Todd Brown and Richard K. Raines and Gerald Tschabold},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3438},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-05-01},

booktitle = {67th Annual Conference, Seattle, Washington},

pages = {29},

address = {Seattle, Washington},

abstract = {Many Engineers, including Mass Properties or Weight Engineers, are faced with a decision at some point in their professional career of whether to continue in the discipline that they have been working in or to attempt to alter course and explore other dimensions. We are three Engineers who have recently taken that decision and headed into the unknown. One of us left the automotive mass properties field for aerospace. One left the marine mass properties field, also for aerospace. And one left the aerospace mass properties field for a position related to marine engineering. Ships, vehicles, aircraft are all different types of vehicles and the mass properties methodologies that are associated with them are different. But, in making the transition, we each have learned that what we brought to the table in terms of experience and attitudes can be effectively applied to our new discipline and vehicles. This paper will explore the ramifications of career transitions in mass properties based on our individual and common experiences and will attempt to provide some guidance for others when they are faced with similar decisions in their careers.},

keywords = {16. Weight Engineering - Organization, 30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3452,

title = {3452. Queuing Analysis Methods for Decision Making},

author = {Patrick Brown},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3452},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-05-01},

booktitle = {67th Annual Conference, Seattle, Washington},

pages = {17},

address = {Seattle, Washington},

abstract = {The ability to make good and timely decisions is an essential skill for all Engineering Managers. Basing management decisions on tribal knowledge or 'gut' feelings is no longer acceptable. Where possible, the decision making process must be assisted via quantitative methods. There are a variety of complex quantitative methods for decision-making. A few examples are linear programming, non-linear programming, probability theory, multivariable optimization, multidisciplinary optimization, Pareto analysis, decision trees, and Monte Carlo simulation. As such, queuing theory (the topic of this paper) is a subset of probability theory. Specifically, queuing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines (queues). The theory enables mathematical analysis of several related processes, including arriving at the (back of the) queue, waiting in the queue (essentially a storage process), and being served by the server(s) at the front of the queue. The theory permits the derivation and calculation of several performance measures including the average waiting time in the queue or the system, the expected number waiting or receiving service, and the probability of encountering the system in certain states such as empty, full, having an available server, or having to wait a certain time to be served (utilization). One can even derive the probability that a customer will exit the queue (balk). Queuing analysis is the direct application of queuing theory. Despite its complex origin, queuing analysis yields quick and accurate forecasts of resource needs based on nothing more than a working knowledge of flow and service rates. Queuing analysis can occur on single lines and multiple lines, both in parallel and in series. In manufacturing, the output of one queue is often the input for the next.},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3300,

title = {3300. The Value of Mass Properties Engineering},

author = {Roger L. Belt},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3300},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-05-01},

booktitle = {62nd Annual Conference, New Haven, Connecticut},

pages = {16},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {New Haven, Connecticut},

abstract = {This paper provides an overview of Mass Properties Engineering, and the value that its processes and practitioners bring to a program. Also addressed are the changes that have occurred to the program environment; and how those changes have affected the Mass Properties discipline and its ability to function properly. The value of Mass Properties Engineering is the value that it brings to a program. A properly executed Mass Properties process lowers the weight of the end product, as well as increases the product performance and lowers the program cost, while reducing the overall risk to the schedule and program in general. The purpose of this paper is to provide the membership of the International Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc. (SAWE) with a foundational basis that can be used in developing presentations to address the value of Mass Properties Engineering, and what the discipline encompasses, for their particular program, product, division, and company. Individuals will need to provide the details for their own particular circumstances. It is the hope of the author that presentations developed for the purpose of promoting Mass Properties Engineering will be forwarded to him (via rogerbelt@sawe.org) to be collected into a repository on the subject to be shared with the entire membership.},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3126,

title = {3126. The General Aviation Revitalization Act Causes and Consequences},

author = {Patrick Brown and Karla Gregg},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3126},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-05-01},

booktitle = {60th Annual Conference, Arlington, Texas, May 19-23},

pages = {27},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Arlington, Texas},

abstract = {This paper completes a detailed analysis of the General Aviation Revitalization Act (GARA) of 1994. As a precursor to the analysis, the authors provide a brief history of the industry. The history describes the state of the industry leading up to its peak in 1978 and then its precipitous decline by 1993. The staggering economic decline gave the federal government the motivation to enact GARA. The analysis of GARA pays special attention to the legal implications as well as the arguments, both pro and con, for its enactment. Example illustrations show GARA's impact on the Weights Engineer. Finally, the analysis describes GARA's influence on the overall general aviation manufacturing industry and economy.},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3002,

title = {3002. Knowledge Based Mass Modeling Process},

author = {Patrick Mitchell},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3002},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-06-01},

booktitle = {59th Annual Conference, St. Louis, Missouri, June 5-7},

pages = {17},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {St. Louis, Missouri},

abstract = {The evolution of rapid airplane-level design analysis continues. It is desirable in preliminary design, for example, to quickly generate and analyze a finite element model representing airplane structure. The Weight engineer typically creates a distributed mass model, representing the anticipated weight of the design, for use by other engineering disciplines. This paper outlines the approach taken to automate the generation of a mass model representing airplane systems and equipment. Arguments are made for extending this knowledge-based approach to other components of the mass model. Estimating weight from the model sizing data is not discussed, in favor of concentrating on the mass modeling technique. The knowledge-based modeling approach makes it possible to quickly create highly detailed mass models for use in rapid airplane design.},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{3010,

title = {3010. Love/Hate Relationship with Lightweight Technology},

author = {Thomas Sweder},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-3010},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-06-01},

booktitle = {59th Annual Conference, St. Louis, Missouri, June 5-7},

pages = {6},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {St. Louis, Missouri},

abstract = {Ford is accelerating its drive to put high value lightweight components on vehicles. The new LS has nearly 460 pounds of aluminum compared to about 250 pounds on most vehicles that size. Some of the more interesting new items are the suspension components that are made using the latest forming technologies. Lightweight suspension components not only make the vehicle light but they improve the responsiveness of the vehicle dramatically. We are using the LS learning on other new vehicles including SUV?s 

Composites were a key reason we are able to offer the Sport Trac. The composite box, which Ford first put into limited production in 1989, offers both a weight savings and toughness. 

Open the hood of the Focus and you will see a unique radiator support that is plastic with molded-in steel braces ? another industry first. 

The automotive industry is under constant pressure from our customers, competitors, and governmental bodies to improve our products. To respond to this pressure, we must work with our suppliers to introduce new technology as we did in the LS, Sport Trac, and Focus. But bringing in new technology is often a torturous process. Suppliers must understand what the main drivers are for using new technology so when they work with program teams they can respond properly to the invariable ups and downs of enthusiasm.},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{2420,

title = {2420. International Business - A Challenge for Cost Analysis},

author = {M F Masters},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-2420},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-05-01},

booktitle = {57th Annual Conference, Wichita, Kansas, May 18-20},

pages = {21},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Wichita, Kansas},

abstract = {International Business is many times more complex than setting up a typical subcontractor or partner relationship in your own country. George Bernard Shaw once said, ''England and America are divided by a common language.'' Language is only the tip of the iceberg for international business. The larger issues involve technology transfer, private companies vs. governments, and the motive for seeking offset business. This presentation explores the implications of these issues and more.},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{2422,

title = {2422. An International and Industrial Competitive Analysis of the Boeing Company and Airbus Industrie},

author = {S E Soice},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-2422},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-05-01},

booktitle = {57th Annual Conference, Wichita, Kansas, May 18-20},

pages = {52},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Wichita, Kansas},

abstract = {This paper attempts to analyze the competitive strategies and worldwide operations of the two most prominent forces in the commercial aircraft industry, The Boeing Company and the Airbus consortium. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft would have also been included in this analysis, however the merging of Boeing and McDonnell Douglas in August of 1997 reduced the number of major forces in the aircraft industry to two. Although Boeing and Airbus also manufacture military products, the focus of this paper remains on the commercial aspects of production. Military projects will be mentioned from time to time in areas where they directly affect the commercial business but without many particulars. Several main points will be covered during the reporting of this analysis. Many issues play into the ability of Boeing and Airbus to compete on a global scale. The most prominent of these issues will be discussed in some detail. When considering the international strength of these two companies, the following topics seem to be most relevant: 1.Competing Product Categories 2.Strategic Management 3.Foreign Subcontracting and Offsets 4.Aircraft Pricing Strategy 5.Product Quality and Customer Satisfaction 6.The Boeing, McDonnell Douglas Merger 7.The European Single Corporate Entity 8.Foreign Policy 9.Market Forecasting Each of these is covered in this paper.},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{2366,

title = {2366. Automated Form F for the F-16},

author = {H R Smoot},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-2366},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-05-01},

booktitle = {56th Annual Conference, Bellevue, Washington, May 19-21},

pages = {26},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Bellevue, Washington},

abstract = {With the evolution of the F-16 Weapon System, Weight and Balance Technicians face the complex task of generating Clearance Forms (Form F's) for the F-16. With time, the limiting weight and balance factors have become more complex. Many errors in interpreting the weight and center-of-gravity results have occurred. The production additional F-16 Block types increases the number of weight limits, in-flight limits, tire limits, nose wheel steering limits, and fuel capacities. Multiple limits make identifying unsafe aircraft even more critical. The purpose of this paper is to describe a software program, Automated Form F (AFF), which uses data from F-16 weight and balance technical orders to automate the generation of Form Fs. AFF uses aircraft effectivity data to determine the aircraft Block and calculate the forward and aft limits, and determine fuel tank capacities. It calculates all center-of-gravity limits, in-flight limits, and fuel weights and moments. AFF also calculates most forward and most aft conditions. Out-of-limit conditions are displayed in red. This paper provides a history of the development of AFF, its current capabilities, and a discussion of future development. It includes graphics of AFF's user interface screens. AFF is a Microsoft Windows application that provides all the enhancements of a Windows environment. AFF is currently used throughout the world by the United States Air Force, Air Force Reserves, and Air National Guard. The goal is to increase capabilities to identify unsafe aircraft. A byproduct is the reduced time required to identify aircraft. With modification, the application could benefit other aircraft.},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{2371,

title = {2371. The U.S. Coast Guard HH-65A Helicopter},

author = {Jr. R H Schlatter},

url = {https://www.sawe.org/product/paper-2371},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-05-01},

booktitle = {56th Annual Conference, Bellevue, Washington, May 19-21},

pages = {18},

publisher = {Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc.},

address = {Bellevue, Washington},

abstract = {The U.S. Coast Guard maintains and operates a fleet of 95 HH-65A (Dauphin) Short Range Recovery (SRR) helicopters. These aircraft were built by American Eurocopter (formerly Aerospatiale Helicopter Corporation) in Grand Prairie, Texas and each is equipped with two LTS 101-B2 engines built by Allied Signal Engines (formerly Textron Lycoming Corporation). They were delivered to the Coast Guard between November 1984 and April 1989, and replaced the Coast Guard HH-52A (Sikorsky S62) after a 20 year service life. The fleet is primarily used for Search and Rescue (SAR), law enforcement and pollution response. The HH-65A fleet flies over 49,000 hours annually and will attain 500,000 flight hours in September 1997. This paper covers the evolution of the HH-65A, paying particular attention to weight growth. The paper first reviews the operational requirements that defined the procurement of the aircraft. Then it examines what modifications effected weight both during development and since delivery. The paper closes with a look at proposed future development and efforts to mitigate the weight growth problem in the HH-65A.},

keywords = {30. Miscellaneous},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}